This Is Brazil

Nama : Sharina Binti Bakhari

No.Matrix : 161420129

This is Brazil

Brazil is the largest country in the Americas to the south, nearly half the breadth of the America continent. Brazil was discovered by the Portuguese in 1500.

On September 7, 1822, the country declared its independence from Portugal and became Empire of Brazil.

8.512.00 square km area of Brazil. Total population in1984 there were about 125 million people. The first is the capital of Rio de Janeiro and now in the Brazilian city located on high land Brazil.

Brazil flag meaning


The Brazilian flag was officially adopted on Nov. 19th 1889, four days after the Republic was proclaimed.
The green color represents the Brazilian fields. The yellow losang represents Brazilian gold - and, by extension, the wealthiness of the country. The blue represents the sky of Rio de Janeiro on the night of Nov. 15th 1889; each star represents one of the Brazilian States. 
The white strip contains the inscription "Ordem e Progresso", meaning "Order and Progress". The phrase is attributed to the French positiviste philosophe Augusto Comte, who had admirers in Brazil.
The flag was designed by a painter named Decio Vilares.

Brazil National Song

The Boundaries of the area are :

1.     On the western border with Colombia and Peru.

2.     In the East bythe Atlantic Ocean

3.     In the southern border with Bolivia

4.     In the northern border with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana

Geography of Brazil

Geography Brazil bounded by the sea on the east side of the Atlantic Ocean. The countries bordering the land with Brazil is Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana département; all countries in South America except Ecuador and Chili.

The southern area is the center of Brazil's population and agriculture. Some mountains are located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean that reaches 2,900 meters with the highest peak of Pico da Neblina 2,994 m high.

Amazon River

The rivers are found in Brazil is the River Amazon, Paraná and Iguaçu Falls where there Iguaçu.

Brazil is located in the equatorial tropics because with a little variation.

Important cities in Brazil such as Brasília, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro

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In additon, Michael Jackson also doing the filming for his music video, title 'They Don't Care About Us' in  two locations in Brazil, in Pelourinho, the historic city centre of Salvador, and in a favela of Rio de Janeiro called Dona Marta, where the state authorities had tried to ban all production over fears the video would damage their image, the area and prospects of Rio de Janeiro staging the 2004 Olympics.

WOW! Brazilian Musical Instruments

By : NURLINDAR JALALUS SHUTI (161420108)    

Olá !!  ^_^

Whenever we talked about Brazil, we will never forget about their amazing and unique Samba – a famous, exotic dance that every part in this world recognize and their powerful martial art, Capoeira.  Both – Samba and Capoeira background music is mostly played with their awesome and unique musical instrumental to create an extremely amazing pitching combination! Most Brazilian musical instruments came from Portuguese, native Brazilian and African ancestors and still retain their original characteristic. Brazilian music also has a rich mix of European, African, and Brazilian Indigenous influences and has produced one of the most unique and diverse musical cultures in the world.

Brazilian music is full of passion, energy and enthusiasm that give the music special and unique sound. Flutes, whistles, horns and rattles were the very first music instruments used in Brazil along with some hands clapping and feet stomping. Then over last several hundred years, music instruments from various countries have influenced Brazil’s music. Now, let’s discover some of unique Brazilian music instruments!

• Berimbau

Berimbau is a musical bow that is a single-stringed instrument. Berimbau is played along with thin stick, varreta. Every part of the berimbau has its unique role in the music and the rhythm it produced. We can see this amazing instrument in all the capoeira dance performances.

• Atabaque

Atabaque is made of wood called Jacaranda from Brazil and the top is made of calfskin. To play it we must use both hand or with two drumsticks. It is used play in Brazilian rhythm such as Samba.

• Agogô       

An agogo is also one of African origin and is a single or multiple bells that is traditionally used in Samba percussion ensembles. The agogo has the highest pitch of any of the Samba percussion instruments and the oldest musical instrument used in Samba music.

• Afoxê

 

The afoxe is a traditional Brazilian Instrument and is of African origin. This afro-Brazilian musical instrument consists of a gourd (cabaca) wrapped in a net which beads or small plastic balls are threaded. To play it, we must shake this afoxe to create the unique sound.

• Reco-reco

Reco-reco is a Brazilian percussion instrument that consist of a ridged gourd or bamboo cane that is scraped with a piece of wood or metal. The friction of a stick on the grooves produces a scratching sound. Nowadays, a Reco-reco is mostly made of metal.

PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL

By : Wan Nur Dhamirah bt Mohd Desa
     161420148

Grammar and spelling

Some words are spelled differently. 
For instance, reception in European Portuguese is “receção”, whereas Brazilian Portuguese adds an audible p to the spelling of “recepção”. This is applicable to words where the letter p is audible in Brazilian Portuguese and silent in European Portuguese. Brazilians are also creative with their use of Portuguese, turning some nouns into verbs. To congratulate requires the Portuguese phrase — “dar os parabéns” — but Brazilians sometimes also condense the expression into one verb “parabenizar”. 

Another interesting fact is the assimilation of foreign words into Brazilian Portuguese written with a phonetic twist. Media (as in mass media) is “mídia” in Brazilian Portuguese and “media” in European Portuguese; Brazilian Portuguese takes the word from American English and ignores its Latin roots. European Portuguese adopts it from Latin and keeps the original spelling. Generally speaking, European Portuguese is mostly resistant to change and precious about assimilating foreign words.

LANGUAGES

By : Wan Nur Dhamirah bt Mohd Desa 
       161420148

Language is one of the most significant aspects of Brazil's national unity and identity. The official language of Brazil which is Portuguese, is also spoken by over 99% of the country's population. The Portuguese language has undergone many transformations since it was first introduced in Brazil in the 16th century.

The history of the Portuguese language in Brazil

When Portugal first colonized Brazil, a process that began with discover in the year 1500, Tupi, or more precisely the Tupinambá, one of the languages of the Tupi-Guarani family spoken by indians who lived on the Brazilian seacoast, was used along with Portuguese as the general language of the colony. This was primarily because the Jesuit priests studied and taught the Tupi language. In 1757, Tupi was banned by royal decree, although the language had already been overwhelmed by Portuguese spoken by the large number of immigrants from the mother country. When the Jesuits were expelled in 1759, Portuguese became the language of the country. 

However, Portuguese inherited words associated with flora and fauna from indigenous languages. Among these words were abacaxi (pineapple), mandioca (manioc flour), caju (cashew), tatu (armadillo), and piranha, the voracious fish, as well as proper and geographic names.

The Portuguese language in Brazil received a new source of contributions with the influx of African slaves. The African influence came primarily from the Iorubá spoken by slaves from Nigeria. Some of these words also found their way to Europe. Iorubá contributions derived from words connected with religion and the Afro-Brazilian cuisine. From the Angolan Quimbundo language came words such as caçula, meaning the youngest child, moleque (a street child), and the dance samba.

During the 18th century, other differences between the American and European Portuguese developed. At that time Brazilian Portuguese failed to adopt linguistic changes taking place in Portugal produced by French influence. The Brazilian Portuguese remained loyal to the pronunciation used at the time of its discovery. However, when Don João, the Portuguese king, and the royal entourage took refuge in Brazil in 1808 (when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Portugal), his presence helped to reapproximate the Portuguese spoken in the cities to the Portuguese of Portugal.

After Brazilian independence in 1822, Brazilian Portuguese became influenced by Europeans who had migrated to the central and southern parts of the country. This is the reason one finds in those areas variations in pronunciation and a few superficial lexical changes. These changes reflect the nationalities settling in each area.

In the 20th century, the split between the Portuguese and Brazilian variants of Portuguese heightened as the result of new words for technological innovations. This happened because Portuguese lacked a uniform procedure for adopting such words. Certain words took different forms in different countries. For example: in Portugal one hears comboio, and in Brazil one hears trem, both meaning train. Autocarro in Portugal is the same thing as ônibus in Brazil, both meaning bus. At the beginning of this century, the nationalism and the individualism of the Romantic movement began promoting the creation of a language norm based on the Brazilian version of the Portuguese language. In 1922, the Modernists reintroduced this argument, promoting a need to break with traditional Portuguese models and to adopt the Brazilian speech pattern. This opening by the Modernists led to the successful adoption of the Brazilian norm in literature.

The difference between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese

FASHION IN BRAZIL

BY: ZAWANI BINTI MOHD GHAZALI
161420150

Brazil, the fifth-largest country in the world and largest in South America, boasts a largely tropical climate that influences fashion and style. Brazil's Portuguese roots also play a role in dictating suitable attire for men and women. Sophisticated and well dressed, modern Brazilians typically make a point to be fashionable wherever they are  and expect others to do the same.

DRESSING FOR BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Corporate men in Brazil usually wear dark suits and ties that give the impression of seriousness, with bright or elaborately colored ties discouraged. The style can indicate a man's role in the corporate environment: executives usually wear three-piece suits, while office workers wear two-piece varieties. They finish off their outfits with dark shined shoes. 

Corporate men in Brazil usually wear dark suit

Corporate women wear simple dresses or feminine pantsuits that are tasteful without being fussy. Pantyhose are optional and accessories understated. 

For women in the professional world, there are some very simple rules when it comes to their dress code. It has to be decent, has to be mellow, and has to look professional. Apart from this, no excess show of skin, no dressing provocatively, and no underdressing. Given below are the classic professional clothing options for women in Brazil.

1. Corporate women wear simple dresses or feminine pantsuits

► While some may think that a pant suit is not a very feminine piece of women's clothing, others country like Brazil think it is a perfect option for women to wear in the business world. A light-colored shirt works best for a pant suit.

► Whether it is a dark suit (black or navy blue being the best options) or a light one (cream, beige, or white), the best option for a blouse is a light-colored one. White, cream, off-white, seashell pink, ivory, beige, powder blue, and light yellow are the best colors for blouses.

► And as far as shoes to wear with a pant suit are concerned, corporate women in Brazil usually  wear closed pumps with heels or even peep-toe flats or heels. Simple and minimum jewelry like a pair of studs and a thin chain around the neck work best for this look.

2. Woman Wearing Skirt

► Skirts are also one of the best options for woman to wear at work in Brazil. There are certain rules regarding skirts too. It should be of a perfect length. Knee length skirts are acceptable.

► This makes for an unprofessional and indecorous behavior. Skirts look best when worn with a pair of skin color stockings. Especially, in Brazil corporate women always happen to wear a skirt that is above knee-length. The best colors for skirts are again simple and strong shades.

► Dark colors like blue and black and also light colors like cream, white and pink look nice. One important thing to keep in mind about wearing a skirt and blouse to work is that it has to be plain. Printed clothes are a complete no-no for a business wear.

► The blouse must complement the skirt perfectly. Not too loud and not too contrasting and definitely no frills and tassels. Just a plain, crisp shirt or blouse with minimal jewelry will make woman a professional look. Button it up till the second button and woman can also team it up with a jacket that matches the skirt.

 CASUAL CLOTHES

For casual attire, Brazilian men often wear khakis and short sleeves in light fabrics like cotton or linen. They may opt for longer shorts as well. Women generally wear tight-fitting jeans with beaded or sequined designs, along with halters or T-shirts. Smock-style dresses, khakis and skirts with hems no longer than knee length are also acceptable. Footwear usually consists of sandals or heeled shoes.

Brazilian men often wear khakis and short sleeves in light fabrics like cotton or linen

Women generally wear tight-fitting jeans with beaded or sequined designs

Halters or T-shirts

                                    

         

THE BRAZILIAN MATIAL ARTS :)

By : Aisyah Adibah bt Shaari
       161420010

CAPOEIRA

Capoeira is the brazilian matial arts that combines the elements of dance and music. It was created in Brazil by slaves that were forced to hide the fight within a dance some time after the 16th century. Capoiera is physically dinamic because it utilizes acrobatics, cleverness and cunning. Although it appeared to be a harmless dance, the dancers or the "Capoeiristas" were practicing deadly fighting techniques. A lot of kicks and movements done in capoeira can be seen in other arts, but the difference is delivery itself. There are many fakes and deceiving movements in Capoeira. Although a certain movements is done with grace and style, it can be very dangerous. Without music, there is no capoeira as it is the important elements of it.It dictates the tempo of the full match. The capoeiristas form a circle around the two combatants and clap hands and sing. This is called a "Roda". The instruments, when used together is called "Bateria". This is typically made up of this instruments such as 

• Berimbau - Made from wire, stick and gourd. It comes in various sizes                          which produce different sounds
• Pandeiro -  A wooden drum with animal skin on the top.
• Atabaque - A large wooden drum that stands around a meter high. It also                    comes in various sizes which produce different sounds.
• Agogo - Two bells that are joined by a U shaped piece of metal. The user                  hits the bells with a piece of metal to produce the sound.
• Reco reco - A piece of bamboo that gets small grooves cut into it. The user                 then moves another piece of wood over it to produce the sound.

BRAZILIAN JIU-JITSU

Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a martial art and combat sport that teaches a smaller person how to defend himself against a larger opponent by using leverage and proper technique. The founder of this matial art, The Gracie family, modified judo and traditional Japanese jujutsu to create the art. Over 95% of street fights finish on the ground, hence ground-fighting skills are extremely important for self-defense. Taking an attacker to the ground, leaving you in a perfect position to finish the fight. Of course if there is more than one attacker, taking the fight to the ground is one of the worst moves imaginable for obvious reasons. As with any Ju-jitsu technique, be extremely careful whilst practising these moves with a partner. Sometimes just an inch of movement can break a bone or cause someone to fall unconscious.

The belt system in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is highly regarded and for good reason.Unlike many other matial arts, where rank promotions can be acquired in relatively short periods and often with very little practical requirements, the Brazilian Jiu-jitsu belt system is quite strict and difficult to progress through.  It can take 10 years to achieve the ( black belt ) grade, and requires not only technical knowledge, but also verifiable ability in sparring. Competition experiences is also often expected. One person will spend a long time on each belt as there are only a few belts. The progress might not be linear. Whether 1 year at one belt and 5 years at another. Its both an extremely challenging and rewarding institution and its not surprise that the community pounces on anyone who messes with it.